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<title>Engineering Division</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Engineering Division</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Engineering Division</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">United States Department of War</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Engineering Division</b> was a division of the <a href="Aviation_Section%2C_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps</a> in the <a href="United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">United States Department of War</a>. It was formed on 31 August 1918, under the direction of Lt Col <a href="Jesse_G._Vincent" title="Jesse G. Vincent">Jesse G. Vincent</a>, to study and design American versions of foreign aircraft. It was later renamed <i>Engineering Division, Air Service</i> and then in 1926 <i>Material Division Air Corps</i>. It was based at <a href="McCook_Field" title="McCook Field">McCook Field</a>, and in October 1927 moved to <a href="Wright_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Field">Wright Field</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

<p><a href="United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> procurement of aircraft began when the <a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army's</a> 1907 <a href="Aeronautical_Division%2C_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps</a>, acquired several of the <a href="Wright_Military_Flyer_of_1909" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Military Flyer of 1909">Wright Military Flyer of 1909</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Airplane_Engineering_Department">Airplane Engineering Department</h2></div>

<p>The <b>Airplane Engineering Department</b> was established by the Equipment Division, U.S. Signal Corps in 1917 for <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> experimental engineering. The department had a 1917 <a href="National_Air_and_Space_Intelligence_Center#History" title="National Air and Space Intelligence Center">Foreign Data Section</a>, and the Airplane Engineering Department was on <a href="McCook_Field" title="McCook Field">McCook Field</a> at Dayton, Ohio (the 1917 <a href="Patterson_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Patterson Field">Patterson Field</a> and <a href="Fairfield_Aviation_General_Supply_Depot" title="Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot">Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot</a> were nearby.) In June 1917 Major <a href="Raynal_Bolling" title="Raynal Bolling">Raynal Bolling</a> lead a Bureau of Aircraft Production mission to France, investigating if it was possible to build British and French aircraft in the United States and which aircraft should be bought from the Allies.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

McCook Field established the <a href="AFIT" class="mw-redirect" title="AFIT">Air School of Application</a> in 1919 after the department became the Airplane Engineering Division on 31 August 1918 under Lt Col <a href="Jesse_G._Vincent" title="Jesse G. Vincent">Jesse G. Vincent</a> (<a href="Packard#Packard_automobile_engines" title="Packard">Packard</a> co-engineer of the 1917 <a href="Liberty_L-12" title="Liberty L-12">V-12 Liberty engine</a>) to study and design American versions of foreign aircraft. It combined a number of existing divisions of the Air Service, including the Engineering Department and the Airplane Experimental Department.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engineering">Engineering</h2></div>

<p>The <b>Engineering Division</b> was set up to evaluate proposals, and the first project it undertook was installing an American <a href="Liberty_L-12" title="Liberty L-12">Liberty L-12</a> engine on the British <a href="Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">Airco DH.9</a> aircraft, designating it USD-9 and USD-9A. Other aircraft modified include the <a href="Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">Bristol F.2 Fighter</a>, designated XB-1.

</p><p>In 1920, the Engineering Division's Bureau of Aircraft Production completed the design of the Ground Attack, Experimental, (GAX) aircraft built as the <a href="Boeing_GA-1" title="Boeing GA-1">Boeing GA-1</a>, and designed the <a href="Verville_VCP" title="Verville VCP">Verville-Clark Pursuit</a> (led by <a href="Alfred_V._Verville" title="Alfred V. Verville">Alfred V. Verville</a>) that after redesign won the <a href="National_Air_Races" title="National Air Races">initial Pulitzer Race in 1920 at Roosevelt Field</a>. The division also designed the TP-1 and TW-1.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, in order to promote private aircraft developments, the Engineering Division was restricted by General <a href="Mason_Patrick" title="Mason Patrick">Mason Patrick</a> and could no longer build experimental aircraft.

</p><p>In 1926 the <a href="United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">United States Army Air Service</a> was replaced with the <a href="United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">United States Army Air Corps</a>, and the Engineering Division merged in 1926 with the Air Service's Supply Division<sup id="cite_ref-NARA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NARA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (formed by 1919) to form the <a href="Material_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Material Division">Material Division</a> (Air Corps)<sup id="cite_ref-NARA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NARA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="Wright_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Field">Wright Field</a>.

</p>

<caption>Summary of aircraft built

</caption>

<th>Model name

</th>

<th>First flight

</th>

<th>Number built

</th>

<th>Type

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_USD-9" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Division USD-9">Engineering Division USD-9</a>

</td>

<td align="center">1918

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_USB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Division USB-1">Engineering Division USB-1</a>

</td>

</td>

<td align="center">2

</td>

<td align="left">design based on re-engined <a href="Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">Bristol F.2 Fighter</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_USB-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Division USB-2">Engineering Division USB-2</a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Verville_VCP_Fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Verville VCP Fighter">Engineering Division VCP-1</a>

</td>

</td>

<td align="center">2 (they were redesignated VCP-1 and R-1)

</td>

<td align="left">Pursuit aircraft (US Army fighter)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Verville_VCP_Fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Verville VCP Fighter">Engineering Division VCP-2</a>

</td>

</td>

<td align="center">2 (they were redesignated PW-1 and PW-1A)

</td>

<td align="left">Pursuit aircraft (US Army fighter)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_XB-1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Division XB-1A">Engineering Division XB-1A</a>

</td>

</td>

<td align="center">3 prototypes (further 44 by Dayton-Wright)

</td>

<td align="left">new fuselage on <a href="Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">Bristol F.2 Fighter</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Packard-Le_P%C3%A8re_LUSAC-11" title="Packard-Le Père LUSAC-11">Engineering Division LUSAC-11</a>

</td>

</td>

<td align="center">2 prototypes (and 25 by Packard)

</td>

<td align="left">designed by member of the French Aeronautical Mission

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_FVL-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Division FVL-8">Engineering Division FVL-8</a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_PW-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Division PW-1">Engineering Division PW-1</a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td align="left">see VCP-2 above

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_TP-1" title="Engineering Division TP-1">Engineering Division TP-1</a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_TW-1" title="Engineering Division TW-1">Engineering Division TW-1</a>

</td>

</td>

<td align="center">2

</td>

<td align="left">trainer design

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_XCO-5" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Division XCO-5">Engineering Division XCO-5</a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td align="left"><a href="Engineering_Division_XCO-6" title="Engineering Division XCO-6">Engineering Division XCO-6</a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFMaurer,_Maurer1978" class="citation cs2">Maurer, Maurer (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927231849/http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101013-007.pdf">"The Final Report and a Tactical History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>The U.S. Air Service in World War I</i>, vol. One, Washington, D.C.: Officer of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF, pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>54, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101013-007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-07</span></span></cite></span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-NARA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NARA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NARA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/018.html">"Records of the Army Air Forces [AAF]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(weblist)</span>. NARA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/1446821/US-Air-Force-AFD070227066">Acquisition Management in the United States Air Force and its Predecessors</a>. Accessed 22 September 2008.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020093201/http://www.ascho.wpafb.af.mil/Commanders/COMMANDERS.HTM">Lineage and Commanders of Aeronautical Systems Center</a>. Accessed 22 September 2008.</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Engineering_Division_aircraft96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two-seat fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Packard-Le_P%C3%A8re_LUSAC-11" title="Packard-Le Père LUSAC-11">LUSAC-11</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single-seat fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

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